In this work we will describe the way and the procedure of the election of the Patriarch of Russian Orthodox Church during XX and XXI centuries and also how that procedure is regulated at present. Through the light of the ways of elections in Russia, we will try and look upon the methods of election of Serbian Patriarchs of the same era. Avoiding the possibility of becoming a chronological and taxonomic list of facts, we will try and show the election process of the Patriarchs through the events that preceded the elections, and to see if and to what extent the changes in the state structure influenced the election process and the final choice of the Patriarch.