The formation of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenians brings new opportunities in defining and organizing the position of the Serbian and Orthodox people in the Balkans. The novel state-building circumstances enabled the restoration of the unity of all church parts that composed the Patriarchate of Peć until 1766. The idea of restoring national and ecclesial unity simmered in the consciousness of the Serbian hierarchy and the people throughout the 19th century. The ecclesiastical and political circumstances did not provide the opportunity to realize this issue. The Tomos of Patriarch Meletios and the Synod of the Patriarchate of Constantinople in 1922., enabled the realization of the centuries-old aspirations of the Serbian people and the Serbian Church. A century later, the church consciousness of 21st-century Christians needs a new ecclesiological, canonical and legal analysis and evaluation of this document aiming proper understanding of its authentic content and implications for the contemporary organization and mutual relations of Orthodox Churches.