The author attempts to explicate and clarify the concept of freedom such as it was formed in the eastern patristic tradition. He gives profound attention to the relation between the classical and Christian understanding of freedom: especially in view of developments of the concept of freedom in the biblical and patristic tradition regarded in terms of eastern Christianity. With this goal in mind he illuminates the semantic and noetic inter-relations of two notions of freedom: namely, freedom as (а) self-governance (autexousion) and freedom as (b) spiritual freedom (eleuthereia). The main task of this article, then, is to critically ascertain the way these two notions of freedom are mediated and developed in the eastern patristic tradition (analytically, hermeneutically and spiritually). A major gain for the reader is the insight into the way mind, will and freedom connect and combine within personal human nature, as well as understanding how the theological controversies of the Orthodox Church proved conductive to a more profound understanding of the relations of human and divine freedom, particularly as encountered in Christ by the Spirit. All in all, this article may be regarded as a contribution to the Christian theory of freedom thematized from the perspective of Orthodox theological anthropology.