The article considers the main stages of fundamental theology’s formation and development at the St. Petersburg Theological Academy during the Synodal Period. The fundamental theology courses by leading Academy’s professors and teachers have been reconstructed, the established models of teaching the discipline have been described, the authors’ main achievements and their course features have been noted. The article reveals the specifics of the courses by such professors as Metropolitan Macarius (Bulgakov), Archbishop Nicanor (Brovkovich), Bishop Chrysanthus (Retivtsev), Nikolai Pavlovich Rozhdestvensky, Bishop Michael (Gribanovsky), Protopresbyter Evgeny Akvilonov, Archpriest Nil Malakhov. The authors’ main methodological approaches in solving fundamental theology problems have been demonstrated. The author comes to the conclusion that the St. Petersburg Theological Academy representatives of fundamental theology, in their developments, not only successfully solved the apologetic tasks set, but also had a positive influence on developing the disciplines adjacent to fundamental theology.