This research examines the contemporary understanding of the meaning and significance of the institution of godparenthood, starting from the question of whether it is being properly affirmed today? The central hypothesis of the work is based on the understanding of spiritual kinship as an element of essential and salvific importance in the economy of the Church, and not as a work of tradition and preservation of cultural heritage. By analyzing historical development, the author identifies key points of kinship that are, in the contemporary context, partially threatened. The research is directed towards the current challenges facing the institution in the 21st century. Key parts of the work discuss the discontinuity of spiritual kinship, the limitation of godparenthood to one generation, the implications of the increase in the number of godparenthoods, as well as the response of godparenthood to the principle of gender equality.